Hmong
Reference material, with every source named. Our own communities are further down the page.
Endangerment status
This name covers several related languages rather than one, and their situations differ — some are still passed on at home, others have very few speakers left. There is no single status for a group, so none is shown here.
Speakers at home
The census counts this language on its own, so these figures are for it alone.
By state
- California75,831limited English 33,698
- Minnesota71,858limited English 28,755
- Wisconsin39,624limited English 15,022
- North Carolina9,363limited English 2,939
- Oklahoma6,316limited English 2,333
- Michigan5,623limited English 2,467
- Georgia3,399limited English 1,308
- Alaska3,295limited English 1,849
- Colorado2,613limited English 1,221
- Oregon2,490limited English 802
- Washington2,222limited English 1,027
- Texas2,032limited English 598
- Kansas1,807limited English 630
- Arkansas1,536limited English 540
- South Carolina1,258limited English 448
- Missouri1,152limited English 442
- Massachusetts918limited English 393
- Florida860limited English 391
- Iowa839limited English 301
- Pennsylvania698limited English 258
- Utah513limited English 195
- Rhode Island494limited English 125
- Arizona452limited English 37
- Tennessee397limited English 226
- Montana347limited English 176
- Ohio293limited English 55
- Nevada269limited English 114
- Illinois241limited English 51
- New York233limited English 51
- Virginia216limited English 25
- Maryland213limited English 32
- Hawaii211limited English 29
- Nebraska176limited English 59
- Indiana153limited English 89
- South Dakota126limited English 71
- Alabama116limited English 1
- New Mexico109limited English 0
- Connecticut89limited English 14
- Louisiana47limited English 1
- Kentucky45limited English 21
- Idaho28limited English 0
- New Jersey28limited English 0
- Maine14limited English 0
- North Dakota6limited English 0
By city
- Sacramento11,434limited English 6,426
- Charlotte1,221limited English 666
- Phoenix1,117limited English 0
- Los Angeles564limited English 0
- San Diego217limited English 0
- San Jose153limited English 56
- Seattle87limited English 0
- Dallas60limited English 0
- Boston34limited English 0
Source: US Census Bureau, ACS table B16001 (via Census Reporter), ACS 2024 5-year. The second figure counts people who speak English less than “very well”.
The census publishes this table for every state but for only a handful of cities. A city missing from this list is one it does not publish, not one where nobody speaks the language.
Help record this language 0 / 10
Ten small things, each answerable in under a minute by anyone who speaks the language. You do not need to prepare, and you do not have to do them in order.
- A greetingnone yet
How do you greet someone, and how do they answer?
- Numbersnone yet
Count from one to ten.
- Familynone yet
The words for mother, father, grandmother, grandfather, child.
- Saying goodbyenone yet
How did the oldest person you knew say goodbye?
- Foodnone yet
Name a dish and say how it is made.
- Weather and seasonsnone yet
Describe today’s weather, then name the seasons.
- A place namenone yet
The name of your home place in this language, and what it means.
- A proverbnone yet
A saying that does not translate well. Say it, then explain it.
- A song for a childnone yet
Sing something that was sung to you.
- A storynone yet
A story you were told as a child. Take as long as you need.
Join a community for this language to add a recording
You keep what you record. It stays credited to you, nobody else can change it, and you can delete it at any time.
Communities on CultureMesh
No community has been started for this language yet.
Start a community for this languageNotes from people here
Is this right? For most languages the census refuses to count speakers separately, so the figure above is a whole category rather than this language. If you know better, write it down — on this page you are the source.
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CultureMesh, "Hmong" language page (https://www.culturemesh.com/languages/hmong-92). Speakers at home: US Census Bureau, ACS table B16001 (via Census Reporter), ACS 2024 5-year.